Ibikoresho bigezweho byo gukata byabayeho imyaka irenga 100 yamateka yiterambere kuva ibyuma bya karubone kugeza ibyuma byihuta cyane,Carbide, igikoresho ceramicnaibikoresho bya superhard ibikoresho. Igice cya kabiri cyikinyejana cya 18, ibikoresho byumwimerere byari ibikoresho bya karubone. Kuberako icyo gihe yakoreshwaga nkibikoresho bikomeye byashoboraga gukoreshwa mubikoresho byo gutema. Nyamara, kubera ubushyuhe buke cyane butarwanya ubushyuhe (munsi ya 200 ° C), ibyuma bya karubone bifite ingaruka zo guhita kandi bidatinze rwose kubera guca ubushyuhe iyo uciye kumuvuduko mwinshi, kandi intera yo kugabanya ni mike. Kubwibyo, dutegereje ibikoresho ibikoresho bishobora kugabanywa kumuvuduko mwinshi. Ibikoresho bigaragara kugirango bigaragaze ibyo biteze ni ibyuma byihuta.
Icyuma cyihuta cyane, kizwi kandi nk'icyuma cy'imbere, cyakozwe n'abahanga b'Abanyamerika mu 1898. Ntabwo ari kinini cyane ko kirimo karubone nke ugereranije n'ibyuma bya karubone, ariko hongeweho tungsten. Bitewe n'uruhare rwa karubide ikomeye ya tungsten, ubukana bwayo ntibugabanuka mugihe cy'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, kandi kubera ko ishobora kugabanywa ku muvuduko urenze kure umuvuduko wo kugabanya ibyuma by'ibikoresho bya karubone, yitwa ibyuma byihuta. Kuva 1900 ~ -1920, ibyuma byihuta cyane hamwe na vanadium na cobalt byagaragaye, kandi ubushyuhe bwabyo bwiyongereye kugera kuri 500 ~ 600 ° C. Umuvuduko wo guca ibyuma ugera 30 ~ 40m / min, wiyongereyeho hafi inshuro 6. Kuva icyo gihe, hamwe na serialisation yibigize, tungsten na molybdenum ibyuma byihuta byashizweho. Iracyakoreshwa henshi kugeza ubu. Kugaragara kwicyuma cyihuta cyateye a
impinduramatwara mugukata gutunganya, kuzamura cyane umusaruro wo gukata ibyuma, kandi bisaba impinduka zuzuye mumiterere yigikoresho cyimashini kugirango uhuze nibisabwa byo gukata ibikoresho byiki bikoresho bishya. Kugaragara no kurushaho guteza imbere ibikoresho bishya byimashini, nazo, byatumye habaho iterambere ryibikoresho byiza, kandi ibikoresho byashishikarijwe kandi bitezwa imbere. Muburyo bushya bwo gukora ikoranabuhanga, ibikoresho byuma byihuta nabyo bifite ikibazo cyo kugabanya igihe kirekire cyigikoresho bitewe no kugabanya ubushyuhe mugihe uciye kumuvuduko mwinshi. Iyo umuvuduko wo gukata ugeze kuri 700 ° C, ibyuma byihuta
inama irasobanutse rwose, kandi kumuvuduko wo kugabanya hejuru yagaciro, ntibishoboka rwose guca. Nkigisubizo, ibikoresho bya karbide bikomeza ubukana buhagije mugihe cyo hejuru yubushyuhe burenze ibyo byavuzwe haruguru kandi birashobora kugabanywa kubushyuhe bwo hejuru.
Ibikoresho byoroshye birashobora gukata hamwe nibikoresho bikomeye, kandi kugirango ugabanye ibikoresho bikomeye, birakenewe gukoresha ibikoresho bigoye kurenza. Ibintu bikomeye kwisi kuri ubu ni diyama. Nubwo diyama karemano yavumbuwe muri kamere, kandi ifite amateka maremare yo kuyakoresha nkibikoresho byo gutema, diyama yubukorikori nayo yagiye ihinduranya neza nko mu ntangiriro ya za 50 z'ikinyejana cya 20, ariko ikoreshwa rya diyama kugirango ikorwe henshi.ibikoresho byo gukata ingandani ikibazo cyimyaka mirongo ishize.
Ku ruhande rumwe, hamwe n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho n’ikoranabuhanga mu kirere, ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho bya kijyambere bigenda byiyongera cyane, nubwo ibyuma byihuta byihuta, karbide ya sima, naibikoresho bishya bya ceramicmugukata ibihangano gakondo bitunganyirizwa, kugabanya umuvuduko no kugabanya umusaruro wikubye kabiri cyangwa inshuro icumi byiyongereye, ariko mugihe ubikoresheje mugutunganya ibikoresho byavuzwe haruguru, kuramba kwigikoresho no kugabanya imikorere biracyari hasi cyane, kandi ubwiza bwo gutema buragoye kwemeza, rimwe na rimwe ndetse ntibishobora no gutunganywa, gukenera gukoresha ibikoresho bikarishye kandi birinda kwambara.
Kurundi ruhande, hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryibigezwehogukora imashinin'inganda zitunganya ibicuruzwa, ikoreshwa ryinshi ryibikoresho byimashini zikoresha, kugenzura imashini zikoresha mudasobwa (CNC), hamwe n’amahugurwa y’imashini zitagira abapilote, kugirango turusheho kunoza uburyo bwo gutunganya neza, kugabanya igihe cyo guhindura ibikoresho, no kunoza imikorere, nibisabwa byihutirwa kandi byihutirwa yakozwe kugirango igire ibikoresho biramba kandi bihamye. Muri iki gihe, ibikoresho bya diyama byateye imbere byihuse, kandi icyarimwe, iterambere ryaibikoresho bya diyamayazamuwe kandi cyane.
Ibikoresho bya diyamaKugira urukurikirane rwibintu byiza cyane, hamwe nuburyo bunoze bwo gutunganya, kwihuta kwihuta nubuzima bwa serivisi ndende. Kurugero, gukoresha ibikoresho bya Compax (polycrystalline diamant composite urupapuro) birashobora gutuma itunganywa ryibihumbi icumi bya silicon aluminium alloy piston impeta yimpeta kandi inama zabo zikoreshwa ntizihinduka; Gukora indege ya aluminiyumu hamwe na Compax nini ya diametre yo gusya irashobora kugera ku muvuduko wa metero zigera kuri 3660m / min; Ibi ntibigereranywa nibikoresho bya karbide.
Ntabwo aribyo gusa, ikoreshwa ryaibikoresho bya diyamairashobora kandi kwagura umurima wo gutunganya no guhindura tekinoroji gakondo yo gutunganya. Mubihe byashize, gutunganya indorerwamo byashoboraga gukoresha gusa gusya no gusya, ariko ubu ntabwo ari ibikoresho bisanzwe bya kristu ya diyama gusa, ariko kandi rimwe na rimwe birashobora no gukoreshwa ibikoresho bya PDC super-hard ibikoresho byo gukata cyane, kugirango bigerweho aho gusya. Na Porogaramu yaibikoresho birenze urugero, ibitekerezo bimwe bishya byagaragaye mubijyanye no gutunganya, nko gukoresha ibikoresho bya PDC, kugabanya umuvuduko wo guhindura ntibikiri igikoresho ahubwo ni imashini, kandi iyo umuvuduko wo guhinduka urenze umuvuduko runaka, igihangano nigikoresho gikora ntabwo ari ubushyuhe. Ingaruka zibi bitekerezo byimbitse zirakomeye kandi zitanga ibyiringiro bitagira imipaka kubikorwa byinganda zigezweho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-02-2022
